New Testament Churches — Lesson 2

The Church at Jerusalem — Learning from Controversy

Acts 4–6; Acts 15; Hebrews (selected) — How a faithful church handles discipline, external pressure, internal conflict, and long-term weakness before God.

Speaker Ed Rangel Location Waupaca Church of Christ Bible Version NASB 1995 Lesson Type Bible Class Lesson

Learning Objectives and Thesis

Acts 4–6; Acts 15; Hebrews (selected)

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

  • Identify three specific principles of biblical church discipline demonstrated in Acts 5:1–13.
  • Describe how the Jerusalem church responded to external persecution and explain why they asked for boldness rather than relief.
  • Explain the model of open, congregational participation in Acts 6 and Acts 15, and contrast it with secretive leadership patterns.
  • Name at least three weaknesses the Jerusalem church developed over time and identify where those same weaknesses appear in churches today.

The burden of the lesson

A church with no problems is not a healthy church. It is either a dead one or a shrinking one. Trouble is the predictable companion of spiritual vitality, because the enemy does not leave effective congregations alone.

The Jerusalem church shows what happens when a faithful congregation faces discipline crises, persecution, internal complaints, and long-term drift — and how God expects His people to meet those pressures.

In one sentence, state the thesis in your own words. What is this lesson really saying about controversy in a church?
Checkpoint — controversy

Is controversy always a sign that a congregation is failing? Answer carefully from this lesson.

Controversy is not automatically a sign of failure. First Corinthians 11:19 says factions must come so that the approved may become evident. The issue is how the church handles controversy, not whether problems appear.

What Jerusalem Teaches Us About Discipline

Acts 5:1–13

God’s discipline in Acts 5:1–13

Ananias and Sapphira sold property, kept back part of the price for themselves, and laid the remainder at the apostles’ feet as if it were the full amount. Peter confronted Ananias: “Why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit…?” Both fell dead. God Himself acted, not a committee.

The sin was not the amount given, but the lie to God and the contempt for the Holy Spirit. God’s response exposes how serious He is about the honesty and purity of His church.

Accountability without partiality. God did not spare them because they were early contributors or generous givers.

Key doctrinal points

  • God does not sort sins into safe and unsafe categories the way we do.
  • Impartiality in discipline protects the honor of Christ and the credibility of a congregation.
  • Real opportunity to repent must be given honestly, not as a formality.

Student response — discipline

Describe a common way churches minimize sin or show partiality, and how Acts 5 confronts that.
Be concrete. How should elders, preachers, and members change their practice because of Acts 5?
Use passages like Galatians 6:1, James 5:19–20, Titus 3:10, or others you know.
Deep Study Module
Discipline: Partiality vs. Fear of God
Diagram showing the progression from hidden sin to either repentance or judgment, highlighting impartial discipline. Hidden Sin Ananias & Sapphira Honest Confrontation Direct question & chance to repent Two possible paths: repentance or hardened deceit God’s Judgment Impartial, holy, public Fear & respect in the church
Teach it back

Explain to a new Christian why God’s action in Acts 5 was not “too harsh” but was necessary for the health of the church.

What Jerusalem Teaches Us About External Opposition

Acts 4–5

Asking for boldness instead of relief

The apostles were arrested, threatened, beaten, and commanded not to speak any more in the name of Jesus. They did not ask God to remove the opposition. They asked Him to notice the threats and to grant His servants boldness to speak the word.

When an angel freed them from jail, the instruction was simple: “Go, stand and speak to the people in the temple the whole message of this Life.” They went right back to the place the authorities had forbidden.

Acts 5:29 lays down the principle: “We must obey God rather than men.”

Student response — external pressure

When you face pressure for your faith, what do you usually ask God for first? How does that differ from Acts 4?
Write one concrete change you need to make in how you pray and act when the gospel costs you.
Use Acts 4:18–29, Acts 5:27–32, and at least one other passage to defend the principle that obedience to God outruns fear of men.
Deep Study Module
External Opposition Timeline
Timeline showing threats, prayers, and responses of the Jerusalem church under persecution. Acts 4:18–21 Command: stop Acts 4:23–31 Prayer for boldness Acts 5:17–21 Jail & angel release Acts 5:27–32 We must obey God Acts 5:40–42 Rejoicing in shame
Checkpoint — boldness

Why is asking for boldness more faithful than asking for safety when the issue is preaching the gospel?

What Jerusalem Teaches Us About Internal Controversy

Acts 6; Acts 15

Open leadership, open followership

Acts 6 shows a real complaint from Grecian widows about neglected food distribution. The apostles did not dismiss it. They called the congregation together, proposed a solution, and told the brethren to select qualified men for the work.

Acts 15 shows the whole church present as the apostles and elders considered the question of the Law and the gospel. The decision was reached under the Spirit’s guidance and agreed to by the apostles, elders, and the whole church.

This is not secret boardroom leadership. It is open leadership that expects good followership from a taught congregation.

Student response — internal conflict

How do Acts 6 and Acts 15 together describe a healthy way for a church to handle internal tensions and doctrinal questions?
Describe how this pushes back against secretive leadership or rebellious followership today.
Give one practical change that would make your congregation more like Acts 6 and Acts 15 in how decisions are made.
Deep Study Module
Leadership & Followership Matrix
Area Bad pattern Jerusalem pattern Scripture anchor
Leadership posture Closed-door decisions, little explanation, fear of questions. Open discussion, clear teaching, decisions made in front of the body. Acts 6:2–5; Acts 15:12, 22; 1 Peter 5:3
Followership Either blind compliance or constant suspicion and rebellion. Thoughtful listening, honest questions, willing obedience to truth. Acts 6:5; Acts 15:31–33; Numbers 16 (counter-example)
Qualifications “Any willing body,” or cheapest option placed over serious work. Men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and wisdom, proven servants. Acts 6:3; Acts 15:26
Preacher’s work Buried under every task; word and prayer pushed aside. Protected space for prayer and ministry of the word. Acts 6:2–4
Checkpoint — good followership

Describe good followership in one sentence, and contrast it with blind obedience.

Where Jerusalem Fell Short

Hebrews (selected)

Long-term weaknesses

Even with apostolic leadership and direct guidance from the Spirit, Jerusalem developed serious weaknesses over time. The letter to the Hebrews addresses Christians who were drifting back toward the old covenant, neglecting what Christ had given them, losing endurance, and failing to grow into teachers.

  • Peer pressure pulled them toward the old law.
  • They neglected a great salvation instead of drawing near with confidence.
  • They were losing endurance in the race set before them.
  • They had not grown as they should; they still needed to be taught the basics.
  • The transmission of faith to the next generation was in jeopardy.

Student response — long-term dangers

Name at least three specific weaknesses from Hebrews that likely describe Jerusalem at that stage.
Without naming individuals, describe how these weaknesses show up in modern congregations.
List three specific, actionable steps a congregation can take right now to strengthen the next generation in doctrine and endurance.
Deep Study Module
Word Study — Staying or Drifting
Word Original Meaning Use in this lesson
Partiality prosōpolēpsia Receiving the face; favoritism based on outward appearance or status. Absent from Acts 5 by design; God’s discipline fell equally on Ananias and Sapphira.
Boldness parrēsia Frankness, freedom of speech, courage in speaking. What the Jerusalem church requested in Acts 4:29 instead of escape.
Restore katartizō To mend, set in order, equip; used of mending nets. Goal of discipline in Galatians 6:1 — to repair what sin has broken.
Elementary principles stoicheia First elements, basic building blocks. Hebrews 5:12 rebukes them for needing the ABCs again after years in Christ.
Endurance hypomonē Active, patient steadfastness under pressure. Required in Hebrews 12:1–3 to run the race and not quit under hardship.
Checkpoint — endurance

Why is endurance not optional for a congregation that has already suffered for Christ?

Essay Lab — The Church as a Test

Use this section as a serious essay, not a quick paragraph. Connect the text, the doctrine, and your own responsibility.

Putting Jerusalem in the Mirror

Acts 4–6; Acts 15; Hebrews

Jerusalem at its best held discipline without partiality, prayed for boldness instead of comfort, handled internal disputes openly with qualified men, and protected the work of the word.

Jerusalem at its worst drifted, lost endurance, forgot how far God had brought them, and put the next generation at risk.

Name one way you need to repent, one way you need to strengthen your courage, and one way you can help your congregation handle controversy more like Jerusalem at its best.
Write a specific prayer asking God for boldness, endurance, and honesty about sin in your life and congregation.

Optional Submission — Send to Preacher Ed

This opens your email app with a draft addressed to the preacher at ed@evvfaith.com. Your main answers will be collected in the body of the email.

Bottom Resources

Add links to audio, slides, or PDFs here when they exist. Leave this block empty rather than inventing resources.

  • Acts 4–6; Acts 15 — read the full text carefully this week.
  • Hebrews 5–6; 10; 12 — read with the Jerusalem church in mind.
  • Slide deck for this lesson: Jerusalem Church — Part 2 Slides